Comparing Cousin Kate and The Seduction Essay -- Christina Rossetti Ei

Comparing Cousin Kate and The Seduction In this coursework I will be comparing the two poems ‘Cousin Kate’ by Christina Rossetti and ‘The Seduction’ by Eileen McAuley. The two poems have many similarities but there are also some differences between them. To begin I will give an introduction to both the poems. Cousin Kate is about a cottage maiden that is tricked into having an affair with a rich Lord. She is then betrayed by the Lord who decides to dump her. He then marries her Cousin Kate who is much more beautiful than her and who has not yet lost her virginity. The Lord completely forgets about the maid after abandoning her and leaves her all alone. The maiden later realises that she is pregnant with a baby boy who is the son of the lord. The poem ends with the cottage maiden being an outcast because she has got pregnant before getting married but also with her feeling triumphant because here son will one day be the heir to the Lord’s lands. The Seduction is about a 16 year old girl who has a one night stand with a boy whom she meets at a party. The boy is into bad habits like drinking and taking drugs. He offers the girls some drinks and once she is very drunk he takes her to the docks near a river where he sleeps with her. After that night the girl never sees the boy again and realises 3 months later that she is pregnant. Her life is completely destroyed by her pregnancy. She has no more friends and nobody will ever speak to her again. She feels very bitter as to how her life has been ruined due to one mistake and how she has become an outcast. She ends the poem extremely disillusioned with life and how it has treated her. There are many differences between the two poems. The two poems took ... ...drinks and fallen into the boys trap. I prefer the poem Cousin Kate because in this poem the maiden has some hope for her future in the end because her son will be the heir to the lord’s estates. She has something to look forward too. She can also feel triumphant because her Cousin Kate will not have nay children. The ending of the seduction though is much bleaker with the girl having no hope for her future and even feeling like committing suicide. I think the attitude to teenage pregnancy was almost the same in both these poems even though they were set in different times. Even today the attitude to teenage pregnancy is very bad and girls who get pregnant in their teen years are treated as outcasts by society which is very wrong. Even if a girl does get pregnant society has to accept the fact that she has made a mistake and give her another chance.

Looking for Richard Review

A freezing winter morning it was, the breeze beating against my chest makes me wonder†¦ Wait, how did I get here? I thought I was reading Pacino’s Looking for Richard Review? That’s exactly what you’re doing, and this pleasant surprise is about all the insight I can give you about the fantasy sto†¦ I mean ‘docudrama type thing’. Yes ‘Docudrama type thing’ as described personally by the narrator Al Pacino. The opening scene with the cold winter background, leave less grounds and the grey skies that was alluded to above, is a direct connection to the opening soliloquy exerted by Richard in Shakespeare’s Richard III, â€Å"Now is the winter of our discontent made glorious summer by this son of York†¦ â€Å". In the same scene Pacino also juxtaposes modern buildings with classic castles, and Shakespearean literature (The Tempest), with the wintery background, successfully achieving to render a connection between Shakespeare and Looking for Richard. Witt? Yes, Pacino? Yes, Fail? Maybe so, Success? I don’t know. The same confusion is attained by the seemingly unorthodox construction of the scenes. The postmodern structure, in exclusion of the chronological storyline, is brilliant in its construction, linking scenes from the Richard III film by association to video footage outside the story. Intertextualising makes the story of Richard III much more accessible to its audiences who are now in cinema’s and not in theatres. This juxtaposition is brilliantly achieved in one scene, where Al Pacino’s flat cap is transformed to a crown as the scene translates from Al Pacino in America to Richard in England making a direct correlation with Richard III play. Intertextualising, is also used as to propagate a message, such as at the occurrence of King Edwards death, where scenes of Edwards death dramatised by orchestral music, the weeping of Elizabeth and her deeply dispirited face, is juxtaposed with a group of people chatting over tea. This blot of humor is a means of revealing a message to the audience. In this case that is: ‘no one really cares about Edwards death’, this story is about RICHARD! In contrast within the Globe theatre in Shakespeare England, this lamenting is expressed in lexicon. This is the case, due to the fact that rear occupants of the Globe Theatre, wouldn’t be able to hear nor make much meaning of vocal outburst (crying), but if expressed in words, they can. Although somewhat confusing, the engaging effect that the swift transfer from practice, to costume, to street, to passionate discussions between actors and experts, where by the way, we are invited, just ask the camera angles†¦ is a complement to Pacino’s directorial abilities, this of coarse being his first go. Pacino’s main concern in this docudrama really is the correct representation of Shakespearean drama that would satisfy the ‘re-incarnated’ Shakespeare god. This aspect of the docudrama is embedded right at the beginning, as Pacino opens the curtains to the stage, only to be faced by an audience of one (Shakespeare), but the voice of this one man outweighs the voice of any audience of men. Pacino seems to be stating that it’s more about loyalty to Shakespeare more than entertainment for the audience, although both play a significant role. You think that you are communicating but the other person hasn't understood a word you said† â€Å"You think that you are communicating but the other person hasn't understood a word you said† On the other hand, there is also the underlining purposes of making Shakespeare accessible to the masses and prove that Americans can in fact preform Shakespeare. With wit, Pacino fuses these two purposes on the streets of New York. The audience swung from a statement of a man who claims to have been reading Shakespeare for 6 months yet having attained nothing! Arrives at a woman who questions Pacino saying, ‘Are you going to make a film about Shakespeare in that American accent? ’ In this clever way, Pacino wittingly captures and frames, and gift-wraps the underlining agenda’s of the documentary, and then hands it to you. But blinking could mean the difference of receiving the gift or not. But then again, the rewind button can repeat the process these days†¦. what a shame. In Shakespeare England of coarse this wasn’t a possibility. Shakespeare engulfed in his ‘world of words’, asserted the literal device of dramatic irony enabled by the use of soliloquies to instill certain meanings. With modern technological capabilities Pacino is not enforced into a corner of limited opportunities. This is witnessed by audiences in the portrayal of ‘the wooing of Anne’. Pacino, unwilling to dull the modern audience with constant soliloquies has himself out of character acting as a psychopath, informing the audience of his actual motifs of attaining Anne, while at the same time wooing her. Barbara Everette very fittingly to this scene defined irony as ‘hypocrisy with style’. In this scene also, close ups are extensively applied to reveal intimacy which is complemented by the whispering the takes place. Demonstrating the differences in English today and that of the 16th century, an actor comments,’ Today ‘people say, â€Å"Hey you, go over there, get that thing, and bring it back to me†, but Shakespeare would say, â€Å"Be mercury, set feathers to thy heels, and fly like thought from them to me again. † But Pacino by visiting The Globe Theatre, and interviewing specialist in English literature expresses his desire to pinpoint the meaning and understand the play in order to apply it wholesomely, to the satisfaction of Shakespeare and the comprehension of modern audiences, which he values more than the literature. It has always been a dream of mine to communicate how I feel about Shakespeare to others. † ‘It has always been a dream of mine to communicate how I feel about Shakespeare to others. † Burdened with the agenda’s that he carries, Pacino is obliged to make constant connections with the context and play of Richard III. Not onl y is this achieved in the opening scene, but throughout the play as Pacino and co, are progressing down the alley’s of New York in the dictatorial fashion perse, Elizabethan harmonies are softly echoed through the scenery. As some will acknowledge, Richards deformity in Richard III, contextually inferred a meaning on inner evil and defilement, allowing the audience to attain the image that Shakespeare paints about the character. In the modern era, this idea seems absurd, and the change in context means that Richard has overwhelmed in black clothing, in order to infer the message that his deformity would have had 5 centuries ago. To reflect, the perspective of Richard III, within the play, Pacino has constructed the film to be in the perspective of Richard. Not only that but Pacino has managed to maintain the sense of admiration and awe the audience attains as Richards schemes succeed within the play. A particular scene conveys this message in great depth. As Richard in his deformed nature walks to the two princes and co. who are on horses, he casts a sympathetic feeling upon the audience. Yet although he is the lower one within the scene contrastingly, he is the one who is manipulating the situation, he’s the one has dominion and power. This dominion of Richard, is reflected also as Richard refers to Clarence as ‘simple and plain’, while in the play he is the complicated, and diverse traitor. Although a short period of time seems, the time associated with making this film, from the Pacino’s constantly changing appearance (short hair combined with a beard in one scene, no facial hair with long, flowing locks in the next), it is worthy to note that, this film took years to piece together. For those, who haven’t read Richard the Third, and are looking to read it, I would advise a thorough analysis of this docudrama be done, as that would foster the knowledge of the context, and text, story line and motifs, of Richard III. Many aspects of Richard III such as’ Richards character and the allure of evil, have been maintained, though it is vital to note that the Christian motivated themes, such as; the value of earthly wealth and the battle within (conscience) have been annihilated in this play. This, I assume, is a result of context of the modern era, and Pacino’s personal persuasions. Among the actors who take part of the play are Alec Baldwin as Clarence, Kevin Spacey as Buckingham, Aidan Quinn as Richmond and Winona Ryder as Lady Anne. Expert Shakespearean actors also are sprinkled all over Looking for Richard, to, with great enthusiasm discuss the proceedings of each scene, and to cast judgment upon the best means of loyal representation. Kenneth Branagh, Vanessa Redgrave, John Gielgud, Kevin Kline, and James Earl Jones fill these shoes. Pacino, when developing this film, made it for ‘the dummies and extremists’, for the ignorant and for Shakespeare’s modern day students. From talking heads (experts in English history and literature), to homeless fella’s, from peasants to kings, you’re all invited, come and enjoy, Shakespeare is for all. Really is the statement Pacino puts forth in this film, emulating history in relation to the inclusive dimensions of Shakespeare’s plays, within The Globe Theatre.

Marketing Concept Of Marketing Concepts - 1131 Words

Marketing is about connecting the value of a product, service or brand to customers or consumer for the resolve of encouraging or selling that product, service, or brand. The concepts of Marketing are: Production concept, Product concept, selling concept, Marketing concept and Societal Marketing concept. Production concept: Production concept deals with production. Customer wants that product which is widely available and has a less price. Product concept: Production concept believes in customers and it says customers are likely to be more loyal. As well as customers favor that products, which offer them, better Quality, performances or new features. Selling concept: Consumers will buy products only if the company aggressively promotes or sells his products. Marketing concept: It believes in the pull strategy and says that we should make our brand so strong that customers themselves prefer our brand to every other competitors. Societal Marketing concept: It focuses on needs / wants of target markets and delivering value better than competitors that preserves the consumers and society well being. The product that I choose and love is Reebok [shoes]. In this Reebok company I talk about a Promotion of a product that how a company promotes his brand. Vision statement: Continue bring inspiration to present and future athletes, while maintaining the company standard of quality for its product. Mission statement: At Reebok, we see the world a little differently andShow MoreRelatedMarketing Concept Of Marketing : Marketing1651 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing concept Marketing plays a major function in any business organisation. The essence of marketing is about designing and managing a product and generating exchanges of value from where both the customer and the organisation can attain benefits. 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This assignment will be looking at the marketing theory and marketing concepts which are portrayed in the traditional marketing literature, and how they have limited application in guiding small business marketing practice. Marketing plays a vital role not only in developing, producing, and selling products or services, but also in guiding recruiting labors and raising capital. Although it can be said that successful entrepreneurs undertake marketing in unusual ways. TheyRead MoreMarketing : The Holistic Marketing Concept1392 Words   |  6 Pages Prior to this class, although I have some experience in a marketing type role, I thought of marketing as the process that was activated post product development and the vehicle to product/service promotion and advertisement to the marketplace. Through this class, I have a greater understanding of marketing, and realize promotion and advertisement is just a fraction of it, and has much more depth. Marketing begins at the beginning, and is integrated through to the end of the life cycle. It has

Fahrenheit 451 - 1583 Words

FAHRENHEIT 451 This is the most interesting time we live in, filled with new technology and designs to help make our lives better. As wondrous and beautiful as it appears to be, there lies a certain amount of danger that can be nearly as seductive as it is deadly. The beauty often lies behind commercialism, materialism and capitalism. This seductiveness creeps in and brings anguish and chaos in our society, a place where popular culture flourishes. It is far easier to live a life of seclusion and illusion, a life where television is one’s reality. This is how life is represented in Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451, in which a society has changed into a pleasurable fantasy world by thinking censoring books is superior.†¦show more content†¦Instead, it manipulates viewers that this ‘real world’ is fabricated with ‘near perfect’ flawless people, having MTV pay for all expenses to fall back on and go partying every night. The public fin ds it hard to believe that it can be make-believe because television gives the desires that we want to watch. Television recreates an illusional world can coincides with Bradbury’s story. Instead of accepting our real identities, we rather see dreams and desires that can be â€Å"what if they can come true.† Wishing for a ideal lifestyle shows how one can be captured into the fake media. Montag’s wife, Mildred, is an example of fleeing away the real world by being subdued to television. She has a television system that covers three of the walls and is upset that they cannot afford to buy the screen to cover the fourth wall. This sophisticated TV has a control unit that allows the viewer to interact with the characters on the program and an option to insert a name into specific placers, a feature that Mildred is ecstatic about. This creates the image that the characters are actually conversing with the viewers. Since Mildred has only a few friends, she spends most of her day in the TV room watching a program that views a family in action, similar to today’s MTV Real World. Mildred is Bradbury’s example of how being washed into television brings nothing but a fakeShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 4511365 Words   |  6 PagesBradbury s novel, Fahrenheit 451, was written at the onset of the fifties as a call to the American people to reflect on how the dominant social values of their times were effecting both the lives of individual Americans and their government. Fahrenheit 451 attacks utopian government and focuses on society s foolishness of always being politically correct. (Mogen 113). According to Mogen, Fahrenheit 451 depicts a world in which the American Dream has turned into a nightmare because it has beenRead MoreFahrenheit 451704 Words   |  3 PagesSTUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR FAHRENHEIT 451 As you read each section of the novel, answer briefly the following questions. Part I: The Hearth and the Salamander (pages 1-65) 1. What do the firemen do for a living? In our world, firemen fight fires. In â€Å"Fahrenheit 451, â€Å"the firemen burns books. They do this to fight ideas and to keep their society safe from disruptive influences. 2. What is never washed off completely? In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag says that â€Å"you never wash it off completelyRead MoreFahrenheit 4511345 Words   |  6 PagesBethany Edwards Censorship or Knowledge Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451 is a good example of censorship and restriction and the results of what can happen because of this. Ray Bradbury predicts in his novel that the future is without literature -- everything from newspapers to novels to the Bible. This novel is about a world that is so structured and censored that even a common fireman exist not to fight fires, for all buildings are fireproof, but instead to burn books. Books are made toRead MoreFahrenheit 4511651 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Dream. 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Economic effects on society IV. Social trendsRead More1984 And Fahrenheit 4511505 Words   |  7 PagesOrwell, and Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, the concepts of totalitarianism and censorship are addressed in various ways. Both texts are of dystopian fiction, set in post-nuclear war nations, although they are somewhat of a different nature. The concepts of totalitarianism and censorship are explored throughout the texts by addressing the issue of ‘knowledge is power’, the use and abuse of technology and the desensitising of society. Although these are mentioned in both 1984 and Fahrenheit 451, they areRead MoreEssay On Fahrenheit 451833 Words   |  4 PagesWhy shouldn’t Fahrenheit 451 be banned? Ban books or burn them? Ray Bradbury wrote his famous novel Fahrenheit 451 in 1953 fantasizing about a world in which books were banned, and when a book was found it was burnt and destroyed. Little did he know that his thought of books being banned could actually happen and that it would be one of his own. Today Fahrenheit 451 is being banned and challenged in schools all across America. How ironic that a book about books being banned is now being banned aroundRead MoreFahrenheit 451 - Symbolism1432 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, perhaps one of the best-known science fiction, wrote the amazing novel Fahrenheit 451. The novel is about Guy Montag, a ‘fireman who produces fires instead of eliminating them in order to burn books (Watt 2). One night while he is walking home from work he meets a young girl who stirs up his thoughts and curiosities like no one has before. She tells him of a world where fireman put out fires instead of starting them and where people read books and thinkRead More`` Fahrenheit 451 And The Sniper ``1643 Words   |  7 Pagesabilities. It can be difficult to determine what elements make up a hero. However, by examining heroes in different stories, the elements of what makes a hero can become clearer. Classic heroes in The Odyssey can be examined, along with the heroes in Fahrenheit 451 and The Sniper. By taking apart the characteristics and traits of these heroes, a deeper understanding of a hero can be found. Rather than by a character s physical abilities, a hero c an be defined by their displays of courage, determinationRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesAs renowned author Ernest Hemingway said, â€Å"There is no friend as loyal as a book†. This can be true at times, but in Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451, many people in the novel’s dystopian society think otherwise. In this essay I’ll be discussing the 5 books I’d save from the firemen if I was Guy Montag in Fahrenheit 451, and which of the 5 I’d choose to remember and â€Å"become†. The books I’d save would be Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Markus Zusak’s The Book Thief, Jandy Nelson’s I’ll Give

Econ 306 Hw Solutions Essay - 1181 Words

100 Points Total Answer the following questions as well as you can. LATE HOMEWORKS ARE NEVER ACCEPTED. You may meet/consult with colleagues in the class. But the assignment you turn in needs to be your own work. You should show some (though not necessarily every bit) of work for any substantial calculations. 1. (Each part 5 points) Suppose . That is, X has a normal distribution with ÃŽ ¼=30 and ÏÆ'2=144. 1a. Find a transformation of that will give it a mean of zero and a variance of one (ie., standardize ). Let the transformed variable be named Z. We desire ÃŽ ¼z=0, ÏÆ'2z=1. This means 0=a+b ÃŽ ¼X and b2 ÏÆ'2X=1. One solution to this system of equations is b=1/12 and a=-5/2. Of course, if you recognized the fact that our standard†¦show more content†¦4a. If X and W are uncorrelated, find the mean and variance of . The value of the mean is 30+2*40=110 Since they are uncorellated, the Correlation term is zero. Thus, the variance is 144+4*225=1044 4b. Find the probability that . With the mean and variance calculated above, the z-value matching 120 is (120-110)/32.31=.31 The probability that z exceeds .31 is .3783. Henceforth, suppose that X and W have a correlation coefficient Ï =-.25. 4c. What is the covariance of X and W? 4d. Find the probability that . Using the formula from part a: Var[X+2W]=864, making the z-value (120-110)/29.39=.34. The probability of exceeding .34 is .3669. 4e. Find the probability that . At 50, the z-value is -60/29.39=-2.04 The probability that z is less than this number is .0207. Since the probability of being less than 120 was implied in part d of being .6331, the probability of landing between the two is the difference: .6124. 5. (Each part 5 points) Our bank from Question 2 has decided to look more deeply into the matter of customer wait times. In addition to information on the waiting times, the bank has compiled information about the credit scores of the applicants. That is, the bank has 20 observation of the following 2 variables: Observation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Wait Time 5 7 22 4 12 9 9 14 3 6 Credit Score 740 730 550 700 650 660 630 600 760 730 Observation 11 12 13 14 15 16Show MoreRelatedThe Emergence of the Fast Fashion Business Model and Imposed Quick Response Challenges for Chinese Fabric Manufacturers14773 Words   |  60 Pagesall of these qualities are employing â€Å"dynamic capabilities† and will beneï ¬ t from developing the best long-term, trust-based relationships with client retailers, which is a critical factor in the supply chain for mutual buyer/supplier beneï ¬ ts of solutions and expertise (Abernathy 2000; The Emergence of the Fast Fashion Business Model 399 Asanuma 1989; Sheridan et al. 2006). Through the adoption of dynamic capabilities, suppliers may differentiate themselves from their competitors in critical

Health and Medicine

Questions: 1. What do you need to learn? 2. How is this learning relevant to the safe and effective practice of pharmacy? 3. Why do you think that this learning may be useful for your future practice? 4. What have you learnt? 5. Give an example of how what you have learned could be applied to patient care in your future role as a pharmacist 6. What have been benefits of these activities to your learning? Answers: 1. According to A.M White et al., front-line pharmacists require formal education and clear understanding of the subject to perform well in the pharmaceutical world (White et al., 2012). They form the middle ground between the practitioner and the patient. As far as educational background is concerned, to become a pharmacist an individual should have formal undergraduate education i.e. at least two years of college education. Then the individual should qualify the Pharm D level exam to become a qualifying pharmacist. But, if I intend to practice as a pharmacist I will need to learn some basic tactical approaches of good pharmaceutical practice. I will need to learn how to identify quality errors of medications to ensure that patients are always supplied with medicines of the highest quality. I will also need to learn about the laws of pharmacy practice and laws regarding supply of medications. There are several other things to learn if I want to have a successful career as a pharmacist. Some of the factors are: Ensuring that the medicines supplied are suitable for particular patient. Ensuring that all medicine related information is supplied to the patient. Supervising the pharmacy premises and the medicine supply chain. Advising patients and other professionals about safe and effective medicinal practice (DeLucenay et al., 2013). 2. Acquiring basic knowledge about pharmaceutical practices can help me, as a licensed and practicing pharmacist, to maintain basic safety and effective medical behavior in relation to maintaining patient well being. The pharmacy is at the first step of the medical flow-chart (Kripalani et al., 2012). Every patient with minor ailment is supposed to come to the pharmacy for an evaluation and a prescription before visiting the nurses or the GPs office. But I have noticed that with every passing year the number of patients in the pharmacy have dwindled to a minimal number. Patients tend to rely on the GPs advice even for minor ailments, this behavior is neither expected nor is it good for pharmacies. As per the recorded findings of Fielding et al., there are several practices that can enhance the pharmaceutical practice (Fielding et al., 2015). I am keen on maintaining high safety and effectiveness levels in my pharmacy. I keep a track of the medicines prescribed; I check the inventory regularly to check on the dates of the stored medicines and the amount of supply. I also promote healthy prescribing of medicines that is if a patient comes in with a minor ailment then most suitable medication is prescribed with the most suitable dose. This helps enhance the level of safety and effective practice in the pharmacy. 3. As per the statistics recorded by Paudyal et al., the future of pharmaceutical industry is bright (Paudyal et al., 2013). In my opinion we as pharmacists can change the face of the medical industry. Safe practices in the pharmacy can help keep the patients satisfied with the service they are getting. It can also help maintain the pharmacists good reputation (Kilcup et al., 2013). More patients will rely on the pharmacy in question and that will brighten the future of the pharmaceutical industry. After getting the required degrees in pharmacy, if I choose to follow the safe and effective practices then my practice will flourish, I will get more recommendations and people will learn to trust my medical decisions in case of minor ailments. My profile as a pharmacist will improve and my career will move forward. I will also be able to provide my patients will with clear instructions about their specific ailments which in turn will help them cope with their condition. The organizational level of the pharmacy I work in will increase which will help in managing the pharmacy better. Inventory management, quality maintenance and quantity check will be in order. All these practices will help improve my future prospects and improve minor ailment care in my pharmacy. 4. Based on the studies conducted by Watson et al., pharmaceutical help acquired from the pharmacist can help both the patient and the pharmacist (Watson et al., 2015). If the pharmacist spends enough time in learning about the basics of good pharmaceutical behavior during diagnosis and care of minor ailments then the chances of improving the level of service are high (Nightingale et al., 2015). As a pharmacist I have learnt: The perfect way to conduct one-on-one counseling sessions with patients with minor ailments. The way to conduct detailed assessment sessions describing treatments and recommendations to the patient. The inherent tactics of creating list of effective recommendations. How to independently prescribe medications and physician referrals to patients suffering from minor ailment. How to create a medical plan based on the expected outcome. How to keep a track on the inventory items and their dates. How to keep records of relevant documents. How to clear the doubts of the patient regarding his or her medical issue. How to contact and interact with a patients primary care provider. How to stay within the safety limits of pharmacy management. There are several other lessons to learn if I want to become a successful pharmacist. Along with customary education, common sense, legal knowledge and patient management strategy are required. Safety and comfort of the patient is the primary concern. Every recommendation should be based on acute analysis of the patients issues, healthcare program, present health condition and personal requirements. 5. Laws and regulations allowing licensed pharmacists to prescribe medicines independently came into effect in the year 2006 (Mak et al., 2013). Since then, pharmacists have been assisting patients by prescribing them medicines and by providing them medical instructions to follow. To qualify as an independent prescriber, a pharmacist has to complete an accreditation programme. The program allows pharmacists to offer medical advice, give medical opinion and prescribe any medication for any medical condition (Vemon, 2014). To prescribe medications to patients pharmacists should rely on prior experience from the program and common sense because the responsibility of the patients health lies on the shoulder of pharmacist alone. The lessons I have learnt about Pharmaceutical management practices have helped me in my daily role as a medical assistant in my patients life. For instance, I have learnt about the importance of inventory control and quality management. This in turn has helped me understand that providing my patients with high quality medicine is of utmost importance. This has helped build trust between me and my patient. Not only that, this has also helped me improve my understanding of medical categorization. My patients trust my opinion and choose my services over that of the GPs in case of minor ailments. 6. Learning about pharmaceutical management during cases of minor ailment has helped me improve as a pharmacist. Patients from all around the neighborhood come to me; from people with joint pain to people with repetitive bouts of cough and cold. The diagnosis is mostly different in each case. Explorative learning has helped me cope well in such situations. I can understand the problems better and my organizational skills as a pharmacist has improved exponentially. Moreover, I have learned about the importance of one-on-one sessions with my patients. This has created an air of confidentiality between me and my patients. They trust me with their minor medical problems. My communicative duties for the patient have also improved. I understand that it is my duty to provide all the disease related information to the patient I am treating so that he or she can cope well with the condition. Pharma is all about learning new things, I have learnt a lot of new things and hope to learn more (Fielding et al., 2015). References DeLucenay, A., Scott, M. A., Bunting, B. (2013). Development of pharmacist-led wellness clinic using the clinical pharmacist practitioner model.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association,53(2), 118-119. Fielding, S., Porteous, T., Ferguson, J., Maskrey, V., Blyth, A., Paudyal, V., ... Watson, M. C. (2015). Estimating the burden of minor ailment consultations in general practices and emergency departments through retrospective review of routine data in North East Scotland.Family practice,32(2), 165-172. Kilcup, M., Schultz, D., Carlson, J., Wilson, B. (2013). Postdischarge pharmacist medication reconciliation: impact on readmission rates and financial savings.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association,53(1), 78-84. Kripalani, S., Roumie, C. L., Dalal, A. K., Cawthon, C., Businger, A., Eden, S. K., ... Huang, R. L. (2012). Effect of a pharmacist intervention on clinically important medication errors after hospital discharge: a randomized trial.Annals of internal medicine,157(1), 1-10. Mak, V. S., Clark, A., March, G., Gilbert, A. L. (2013). The Australian pharmacist workforce: employment status, practice profile and job satisfaction.Australian Health Review,37(1), 127-130. Nightingale, G., Hajjar, E., Swartz, K., Andrel-Sendecki, J., Chapman, A. (2015). Evaluation of a pharmacist-led medication assessment used to identify prevalence of and associations with polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use among ambulatory senior adults with cancer.Journal of Clinical Oncology, JCO-2014. Paudyal, V., Watson, M. C., Sach, T., Porteous, T., Bond, C. M., Wright, D. J., ... Holland, R. (2013). Are pharmacy-based minor ailment schemes a substitute for other service providers?.Br J Gen Pract,63(612), e472-e481. Vernon, J. (2014). Early career pharmacist focus: Driving change.Australian Pharmacist,33(10), 19. Watson, M. C., Ferguson, J., Barton, G. R., Maskrey, V., Blyth, A., Paudyal, V., ... Wright, D. (2015). A cohort study of influences, health outcomes and costs of patients health-seeking behaviour for minor ailments from primary and emergency care settings.BMJ open,5(2), e006261. White, A. M., Albertson, B., Muncey, L. (2012). Development and implementation of a clinical pharmacist training and assessment program.American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy,69(4), 278-281.

What Electronic Data Interchange Essay Example

What Electronic Data Interchange Essay I will expand on what Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is (conventional and internet based) and share with you some of the benefits and downfalls of operating such a system. Some of the benefits are lower costs, improved accuracy, and decreased paper output and processing time. One main downfall is the initial cost of the implementation of the system. I will also give you an example of how a company uses this technology. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) as defined by Roger Clarke: the exchange of documents in standardized electronic form, between organizations, in an automated manner, directly from a computer application in one organization to an application in another. EDI has been around for several decades and it has been the primary method of conducting electronic business-to-business commerce. It contains the same information that would be found on paper documents used for the same function within an organization. The following are elements of EDI: We will write a custom essay sample on What Electronic Data Interchange specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Electronic Data Interchange specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Electronic Data Interchange specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer * Electronic transmission medium (VAN or the Internet) is used rather than the dispatch of physical storage media such as magnetic tapes and disks. * Structured, formatted messages based on agreed standards (messages can be translated, interpreted and checked). * Fast delivery of electronic documents within hours or minutes from sender to receiver. * Communication directly between applications rather than between computers. Conventional EDI Conventional EDI uses standard formats, American National Standards Institutes (ANSIs) X12 series, which specifies standard fields for invoices, purchase orders, shipping documents, payments and various other data transactions. The EDI software pulls flat files (where links to other data have been removed) from the mainframe systems such as financial and/or order-processing and translates the data into EDI standard forms. Then companies transmit large batches of EDI forms over a third-party value-added network (VAN). VANs make the job of connecting with other trading partners, organizations that receive or send documents from each other, easier by collecting forms in an electronic mailbox. It then sorts, translates and forwards them to recipients and guarantees that they reach their destinations intact. Benefits of conventional EDI are large companies can reduce the amount of errors in relation to re-keying information and decreasing the time and clerical costs of processing paper forms by hand. EDI standards and technologies are dependable, trusted and proven. Information is sent on private lines that have very little exposure to the public and in turn are relatively secure. Also, large volumes of data are moved efficiently through batch transfer of flat files, and established VANs help ease finding trading partners and connecting to their systems. Downfalls of conventional EDI are companies have to link their back-office systems to the EDI software, and then it has to synchronize protocols with their trading partners systems. Compatibility with new applications is difficult because of the complexity of the X12 formats. As a result of the compatibility the process of transferring large batches of data are delayed, which is at odds with todays real-time world. Also, the cost of transmitting data through VANs is very costly at $25 per 1,000 characters, but today costs are getting lower. Because conventional EDI is so rigid, costly and time consuming to initiate, it is only cost-effective for very large companies. For these reasons it keeps the number of EDI participants relatively very low. EDI via the Internet The internet was once thought to be the end of EDI, but instead it has given EDI users new options. EDI via the internet is basically the same as conventional EDI with the exception of how the information is transmitted. EDI transactions can now be sent over the internet instead of sending X12 forms back and forth via VANs. Software products put transactions into encrypted envelopes and then electronically seal them so that only authorized parties with the encryption key can view the contents. The envelopes are then sent over the public internet instead of privately owned VANs. Benefits of sending the transactions over the internet instead of via VANs are it can drastically reduce transmission costs and it is much faster. Also, most companies already have internet access and therefore would not have to pay additional costs to transmit batches over the internet. This would make it easier to attract new trading partners, like mom and pop stores, that have internet connections, but do not have the revenue to invest in VANs. Downfalls of EDI via the internet are questions raised about security, like confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and denial of having sent or received transactions. Security is only a concern for some not all EDI managers. Another downfall is that the required software must be the same for trading partners at both ends. They must install the same software and coordinate their upgrade cycles. Efforts are being made to make systems compatible and create requirements for EDI over the internet standards, but this takes time and therefore companies are limited to firm EDI formats. Example of EDI Large companies like Wal-Mart Stores Inc. have an EDI-based stock-replenishment system, which sends sales data to suppliers and initiates reordering of hot-selling items. This drastically reduces retailers warehouse inventory costs. Also, this system tells the manufacturers warehouse to ship product direct to a specific retail location. Typical information in a transmission includes a ship to address, bill to address, UPC codes, and quantities. Other information can be included if agreed upon by the trading parties. This process is also practiced by fields such as medicine, transportation, construction, engineering as well as many other industries. The full potential of an EDI system can be best utilized if it is integrated with other applications such as inventory control, shipping, accounts payable and production planning. Unfortunately, suppliers are forced to use the sometimes costly EDI system in order to continue a business relationship with the larger companies. This is not always as cost-effective for suppliers as it is for the larger companies. Summary EDI saves time because it is faster at transmitting data, delivers data with the utmost accuracy, cuts down on paper usage and decreases overall time by eliminating re-keying of information. It is a more stream-lined business process for both trading parties. Benefits can be obtained in areas like administration, inventory management, distribution, and cash management. EDI has its share of problems, but its benefits far exceed them. With the internet it is becoming easier for trading partners to transmit data at a much greater reduced cost to both parties. The next few years hold great promise for EDI and the internet. Existing EDI forms can be kept by trading partners and new ways of transmitting data can be found cheaper, which will enable more new partners.